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Battle of Steenbergen (1583)
The Battle of Steenbergen, also known as the Capture of Steenbergen of 1583, took place on June 17, 1583, at Steenbergen, Duchy of Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (present-day North Brabant, the Netherlands), and was an important victory of the Spanish Army of Flanders led by Don Alexander Farnese, Prince of Parma ((スペイン語:Alejandro Farnesio)), Governor-General of the Spanish Netherlands, over the French, English, and Dutch forces led by the French Marshal Armand de Gontaut, Baron de Biron, and the English commander Sir John Norreys, during the Eighty Years' War, the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604), and in the context of the French Wars of Religion.〔〔 The victory of the Spaniards ended the Treaty of Plessis-les-Tours, and Francis, Duke of Anjou ''((フランス語:François de France))'', left the Netherlands in late June.〔Holt p.191〕〔Mack P. Holt p.192〕
==Background==
After the failure of the combined army of Dutch, French and English soldiers led by Marshal Armand de Gontaut, Baron de Biron, put in charge in the army by Prince William of Orange ((オランダ語:Willem van Oranje)), to relieve the city of Eindhoven,〔Holt p.190〕 the French commander moved his army to the north of Roosendaal, between Breda and Bergen op Zoom, and after several days of siege, captured the castle of Wouw on 10 May.〔〔Tracy. (Founding of the Dutch Republic'' )〕 Meanwhile, the Prince of Parma, with the city of Eindhoven insured, continued his advance across North Brabant.〔 Farnese moved with part of his army to Namur, while the rest of the Spanish troops, commanded by General Karl von Mansfeld, captured the towns of Turnhout and Hoogstraten, defeating the small Dutch garrisons,〔 and finally, the city of Diest on May 27.〔Graham Darby p.20〕
From his base at Namur, the Prince of Parma advanced to capture the town of Herentals, but the siege was finally abandoned, and Parma continued to advance to confront the forces of Marshal Biron located near Roosendaal.〔 With the news of the Spanish advance, Biron moved his army to the outsides of Steenbergen, between the same town and Bergen op Zoom, and on June 17, with the arrival of the forces of Parma the battle began.〔〔D. J. B. Trim p.253〕
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